COPD is a preventable condition. Investing in prevention is the most effective approach to reduce the burden of COPD at all levels. Prevention of COPD encompasses both the prevention of the disease itself (primary prevention) and the prevention of its progression (secondary prevention). It requires a holistic approach leading to behavioural changes, population interventions and legislation aimed at reducing exposure to risk factors (smoking, indoor and outdoor air pollution), and occupational risks. Avoiding smoking is the most effective measure for preventing COPD. In Europe, cigarette smoking has effectively decreased, and second-hand smoking has also been reduced thanks to the enforcement of smoke-free environments in public indoor spaces. On the contrary, e-cigarettes and vaping represent new hazards for public health.
Exposure to poor air quality is another major risk factor for COPD. In recent years, ambient air pollution has garnered some attention, but emission levels only target specific pollutants. Furthermore, even though people spend most of their time in their homes, indoor air quality continues to receive less attention. Patients’ associations have played a huge role in raising awareness of the importance of air quality for public health, advocating for a non-siloed approach when regulating air quality. Public authorities should complement these efforts with robust and prompt actions.